Characterization of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone‐co‐isobutylstyryl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane) nanocomposites

Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone‐co‐isobutyl styryl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane)s (PVP–POSS) were synthesized by one‐step polymerization and characterized using FTIR, high‐resolution ¹H‐NMR, solid‐state ¹³C‐NMR, ²⁹Si‐NMR, GPC, and DSC. The POSS content can be controlled by varying the POSS feed ratio. The T_g of the PVP–POSS hybrid is influenced by three main factors: (1) a diluent role of the POSS in reducing the self‐association of the PVP; (2) a strong interaction between the POSS siloxane and the PVP carbonyl, and (3) physical aggregation of nanosized POSS. At a relatively low POSS content, the role as diluent dominates, resulting in a decrease in T_g. At a relatively high POSS content, the last two factors dominate and result in T_g increase of the PVP–POSS hybrid. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 2208–2215, 2004     

并行企业运作--基于并行工程的过程企业管理

针对过程企业,基于并行工程的思想,提出了过程企业运作管理的新思想--并行企业运作,并采用IDEFO(ICAM Defintion)功能建模方法,建立了集成并行的业务过程模型,在每个业务过程内部采用"监控-决策-执行"的实时信息反馈系统,以实现企业各业务过程之间的信息交互与资源共享.     

Tabu-based GIS for solving the vehicle routing problem

Besides being a hard combinatorial problem, the VRP is also a spatial problem. Hence, effective decision making in this field strongly requires the integration of GIS and optimization systems (GIS-O). This article integrates GIS and optimization tools for solving the vehicle routing problem with loading and distance requirements (DCVRP). A general outline of the multi-step integration is pointed out showing the interaction of the GIS and the spatial optimization according to the loose coupling strategy. The computational performance of the TS-VRP algorithm for the DCVRP turned out to be quite efficient on both computation time and solution quality. The Tunisian case study well illustrates the incentive behind using such a spatial decision support system that allows the management of the problem from the data acquisition to the visualization of possible simulation scenarios in a more realistic way.     

A polyamide-silica composite prepared by the sol-gel process

Summary A new kind of organic-inorganic hybrid composite was prepared by means of the sol-gel process. The polymer employed was a mixed-isomer aromatic polyamide having good solubility and thermal stability. The silica constituting the inorganic phase was produced by the hydrolysis and condensation of tetramethoxysilane. The bonding between the phases involved aminophenyl-trimethoxysilane, in which the amino group can react with the phthaloyl chloride end-capped polymer, and the methoxysilane groups undergo hydrolysis. The composition of these composites was varied by changing the linear polymer chain length and relative amount of tetramethoxysilane. The gelation time was found to range from a few minutes to several days. Thermogravimetric analyses showed that decomposition starts at approximately 450 °C. Thin films cast from materials having a relatively high silica content were opaque and rigid, but those with low silica content were flexible and transparent.     

灰色—支持向量机的空调负荷预测

对空调负荷进行准确预测不仅对空调优化控制的意义重大,而且也是实现空调经济运行与节能的关键所在。为了提高建筑空调负荷的预测精度,在分析灰色模型和支持向量机建模特点基础上提出了一种空调负荷组合预测算法。该方法综合了灰色建模计算过程简单以及支持向量机自学习和泛化能力强的优点,能够更加有效地利用样本数据的有效信息,提高模型预测精度。首先,通过灰色建模过程弱化了样本数据的随机因素。然后,对灰色模型输出进行归一化处理及数据重构,以作为支持向量机的输入。最后,通过支持向量机模型的预测得到最终预测结果。将本文所提出的方法应用于福州一栋办公建筑的逐时空调负荷预测中,并与灰色模型及支持向量机模型作比较,证明了组合模型的预测值与实际运行值拟合度最高,平均绝对误差比灰色模型和支持向量机模型分别降低了47.84%和17.39%。该组合预测模型具有较高的预测精度和更好的泛化能力,具有较强的可行性和实用性。     

云数据中心心跳检测与故障评估

为提高云数据中心的抗毁能力,针对软硬件日趋复杂化带来的诸多故障问题,以传统的服务器心跳检测机制为基础,结合云计算的特点,提出一种保证云数据中心有效运行的心跳检测与故障评估方案。在实验室搭建仿真平台进行实验,实验结果表明,该方案能够及时检测到节点故障,依据预先制定的故障等级评估标准,采用模糊综合法进行评估,为云数据中心的管理与运作提供参考依据与保障。     

使用新混合模糊聚类算法的模糊系统建模方法

为了进一步提高模糊系统建立模型的精度,提出一种新的模糊系统算法ANFIS-HC-QPSO：采用一种混合型模糊聚类算法来对模糊系统的输入空间进行划分,每一个聚类通过高斯函数的拟合产生一个隶属度函数,即完成ANFIS系统的前件参数--隶属度函数参数的初始识别,通过具有量子行为的粒子群算法QPSO与最小二乘法优化前件参数,直至达到停机条件,最终得到ANFIS的前件及后件参数,从而得到满意的模糊系统模型。实验表明,AN-FIS-HC-QPSO算法与传统算法相比,能在只需较少模糊规则的前提下就使模糊系统达到更高的精度。     

基于模拟分析技术和随机搜索算法的化工过程能量集成方法研究

夹点和模拟分析技术已在化工能量集成中广泛应用.今以夹点技术为基础,对化工过程系统用能进行诊断,根据"过程用能一致性"原则提出能量集成改造方案,通过改变塔压实现塔顶冷凝器与塔底再沸器的热集成多效蒸馏.夹点技术实现的优化目标仅是热回收最大或公用工程能耗最小,不能实现包括设备整体费用最小的过程全局最优化.研究基于模拟技术,通过灵敏度分析,得到精馏塔各操作参数的样本映射数据,通过多项式拟合得到参数关联方程,并在遗传算法及模式搜索中设计过程费用函数,提出了将模拟分析技术与随机搜索算法相结合的,以过程费用函数最小化为优化目标的能量集成方法.工业实例的成功设计应用证明了其有效性和可行性.     

β-环糊精-氧化石墨烯超分子杂化体的构筑及应用进展

β-环糊精是由7个D-吡喃葡萄糖单元通过α-1,4-糖苷键键连成环的超分子主体分子，“内疏水、外亲水”的独特结构赋予了其优异的分子识别能力；氧化石墨烯类材料凭借其优良特性成为近几年的研究热点。由β-环糊精和氧化石墨烯构筑的超分子杂化体在兼具二者特有性能的基础上又有新功能的引入。本文综述了β-环糊精-氧化石墨烯超分子杂化体的构筑方式，按二者间的连接方式，分别为共价键和非共价键两种连接方式，其中通过共价键连接是目前最主要的构筑方式；此外对β-环糊精-氧化石墨烯超分子杂化体的特征和表征进行了简述。同时对β-环糊精-氧化石墨烯超分子杂化体在水污染处理、电化学检测、药物控释和催化等领域的应用进展进行了综述。最后对该超分子杂化体在构筑和应用上的发展趋势进行了展望。     

一种新型蓄电池充电控制策略研究

在风光互补发电系统中,蓄电池作为风光互补发电系统的储能设备,在整个发电系统中起着非常重要的作用,而蓄电池充电控制方法的优劣,是影响其使用寿命的一个重要因素。文章对风光互补发电系统中蓄电池的常用充电控制方法进行了分析,提出了一种新的控制策略,即将蓄电池充电电压、充电电流采样值分别与蓄电池事先设定好的恒压过充电压、恒流充电限流值和浮充电流值进行实时比较,来判断采取哪种合理的充电方式,对蓄电池起到尽可能的保护,从而延长了风光互补发电系统中蓄电池使用寿命。